Every feline guardian dreads witnessing their furry friend endure the discomfort of diarrhea. Should your cat experience colitis, a prevalent ailment responsible for diarrhea in various species, including humans, dogs, and other animals, it might indicate colitis. This condition can occasionally be associated with an inflammatory bowel disorder in cats with colitis, though it can also stem from numerous other factors. Thankfully, there are multiple avenues for managing colitis in cats, ranging from medications and dietary adjustments to receiving attentive veterinary care. This guide from Parliament Animal Hospital will examine all the causes of colitis in cats and the treatment options available.
What is colitis?
Colitis is a prevalent condition that affects both humans and animals. It can manifest in two forms: chronic, characterized by slow and persistent development, or acute, where it flares up suddenly and intensely.
Colitis can be distressing and painful for cats, contributing to nearly half of all chronic diarrhea cases. While it is generally treatable, there is a possibility that feline colitis might progress into a more severe condition known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
If you observe any of the colitis cat symptoms listed below in your cat, it is advisable to promptly schedule an appointment with your local veterinarian. Early detection and intervention can significantly improve your feline companion’s well-being.
Signs of Colitis in Cats
Colitis in cats can present a spectrum of symptoms, ranging from mild and sporadic to severe and persistent. As a responsible cat owner, it’s essential to be vigilant for any combination of the following indications:
- Feces-related symptoms, commonly seen in cats with colitis, typically include:
- Frequent diarrhea episodes may start as solid stools but turn watery and loose.
- Straining during defecation.
- Appearances of constipation (tenesmus).
- Difficult or painful evacuation (dyschezia).
- Frequent bowel movements result in the passing of only small amounts.
- Bright, fresh red blood in the feces (hematochezia).
- Presence of mucus in the feces.
- Increased urgency to reach the litter box, sometimes leading to defecation outside.
- Additional symptoms more often associated with chronic and episodic colitis in cats include:
- Reduced appetite.
- Gradual weight loss.
- Lethargy and increased sleeping.
- Occasional vomiting (approximately 30% of cases).
- Dehydration.
- Continued loss of appetite.
- Poor coat quality and body condition.
- Exhibiting sensitivity when touched.
- Preferring to hide from people or other pets.
What is the most common causes of colitis in cats?
Colitis in cats can arise from a diverse range of factors, including stress, parasites, and more. It doesn’t discriminate based on breed, age, or gender, potentially affecting any feline. Identifying the specific trigger behind your cat’s digestive problems is vital, making a veterinary visit essential. Below, we outline the most frequent causes:
- Viral or Bacterial Infections: Infections caused by viruses or bacteria can lead to colitis in cats.
- Allergies or Food Intolerance: Cats may develop colitis due to allergies or intolerance to certain foods.
- Intestinal Parasites: Intestinal parasites can contribute to colitis in cats.
- Pancreatitis: Inflammation of the pancreas can sometimes be linked to colitis.
- Injury to the Gastrointestinal Tract: Trauma or damage to the gastrointestinal tract may result in colitis.
- Stress or Anxiety: Cats, being sensitive creatures, can experience colitis as a response to stress or anxiety.
- Bowel Cancer: While less common, bowel cancer can cause colitis in certain situations.
- Hyperthyroidism: An overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism) might be associated with colitis.
- Antibiotics: Antibiotics can sometimes lead to colitis as a side effect.
How to Treat Colitis in Cats?
Colitis in cats treatment hinges on identifying the root cause, and your veterinarian will thoroughly examine your feline companion’s medical history and diarrhea symptoms. Diagnostic tests, such as stool analysis to detect parasites and infections, abdominal X-rays to uncover abnormalities like foreign objects or masses, and blood tests to assess organ function and blood cells, will likely be recommended for accurate diagnosis.
In instances where inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is suspected, specialized diagnostics such as ultrasound, MRI, endoscopy, or exploratory surgery may be suggested and, if necessary, referred to a specialist.
Colitis treatment in cats typically employs a multifaceted approach, combining medications and dietary adjustments:
Medications:
If parasites are the culprit behind the colitis, your vet will prescribe a targeted dewormer to address the specific parasite species found. Antibiotics like tylosin and metronidazole are frequently employed to combat colitis, with metronidazole also offering anti-inflammatory properties that can alleviate diarrhea. Tylosin, on the other hand, may support beneficial gut bacteria while eliminating harmful ones. In cases of IBD, corticosteroids may reduce inflammation and moderate the immune system’s response, though careful monitoring is required to prevent potential side effects.
Dietary Changes:
Dietary adjustments are crucial in managing many colitis cases. Your cat might require a temporary diet change until the diarrhea resolves. For chronic colitis or IBD cases, veterinarians recommend specialized diets featuring hydrolyzed or novel proteins like rabbit or kangaroo. Consulting your vet for personalized dietary advice tailored to your cat’s needs is essential.
Home Remedies:
While some cat owners explore natural remedies, fibre supplements, or over-the-counter medications to address colitis-induced diarrhea, it is essential to exercise caution. Unsupervised use of these methods can worsen the situation. Never administer human over-the-counter drugs, as they can be toxic to cats. Always seek your vet’s guidance before attempting supplements, herbs, over-the-counter medications, or natural remedies.
Hospital Care:
Severe colitis cases may necessitate hospitalization to provide intensive supportive care, including intravenous fluids for rehydration and electrolyte balance, as well as medications to alleviate discomfort and address the underlying cause.
Stress Reduction:
Stress can trigger some cases of colitis, especially in cats with pre-existing IBD. Taking steps to reduce your cat’s stress and anxiety at home can help prevent future flare-ups. While visiting the vet may temporarily increase pressure, timely treatment is essential to prevent the condition from worsening.
How can we prevent colitis in cats?
Preventing colitis in cats requires dedicated care and a genuine commitment to enhancing their quality of life. This endeavour demands time, effort, and abundant love and affection. To safeguard your feline companion against colitis, consider incorporating the following measures:
- Ensure your cat is updated with vaccinations to bolster their immune system and protect them from potential infections.
- Nourish your cat with a high-quality, balanced diet, vital for optimal digestive health and overall well-being.
- Prioritize proper hydration by offering fresh, clean water daily. A well-hydrated cat is less susceptible to digestive issues.
- Create a safe and tranquil home environment to minimize stress, as stress can exacerbate colitis and other health concerns in cats.
- Refrain from giving your cat human food, as it may contain harmful ingredients to its digestive system.
- Avoid abrupt changes to your cat’s diet, as a gradual transition helps avoid gastrointestinal disturbances.
- Implement a regular worming routine and consistent flea treatments to prevent parasitic infections, which can contribute to colitis and other gastrointestinal problems.
Final Word
Colitis in cats manifests as colon inflammation, inflicting pain and discomfort upon the afflicted animals. This distressing condition may manifest in two forms: chronic, persisting over extended periods, or acute, characterized by brief episodes that typically resolve spontaneously without intervention. A cardinal indication of colitis is the presence of diarrhea, where stools become loose and watery.
Navigating the complexities of colitis demands a precise diagnosis to initiate a successful treatment regimen. Competent veterinary care involves a thorough physical examination and a series of meticulous tests to discern the underlying cause. Subsequent treatment typically encompasses tailored dietary adjustments and, in some instances, the administration of prescribed medications.